AIRE and autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1: Due to a common genetic background and interactionbetween environmental and immunological factors, patients with type 1 diabetesmellitus (T1DM) are at a high risk of having other autoimmunological diseases.The autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes type 1 (APS-1) and type 2 (APS-2) are rare but most dramatic.APS-1 is caused by a single mutation in the AIRE gene (transcriptional factor)as opposite to APS-2, which is a “complex” genetic disorder with strongHLA-genes association (haplotype DQA1∗0501, DQB1∗0201, DRB1∗0301) [1].