INS and diabetes mellitus: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorderresulting from the permanent lack of insulin production from the pancreas (type1 diabetes) or the chronic degradation of the functionality of endogenousinsulin (type 2 diabetes), which results in raising the glucose concentrationin blood because without insulin, the cellular system cannot properly convertcarbohydrates such as sugars, starches, or other foods into energy usable by thebody.