Assuming that alcohol may act as a partial agonist at the mu opioid receptor, the findings in the present study of a trend for reduced effect of alcohol in participants with the 118G allele, are also consistent with studies that evaluated response to opioid agonists where a reduced response to drug challenge (pupillary diameter, pain, respiratory depression) and/or increased dosage requirements are seen in those individuals with the 118G allele (see [1] for review). This evidence concerns the gene OPRM1 and Respiratory insufficiency due to muscle weakness.