Together with recent data suggesting a role for IFNγ in the resolution phase of inflammation [26], the description of a role for TH17 cells in murine models of arthritis, and our finding of TH17 cells in the rheumatoid synovium, this raises the question of how useful it is to view RA as a T-helper type-1 T-cell-associated pathology. This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and rheumatoid arthritis.