In the training dataset, compared to patients without hospitalisation for HF, those with hospitalisation for HF had older age (median/IQR 69/13 vs. 56/20 years, p < 0.0001), higher HbA1c (7.8/2.6 vs. 6.7/2.1%, p < 0.0001), higher ACR (52.5/230.7 vs. 1.9/8.4 mg/mmol, p < 0.0001), lower blood Hb (12.5/2.6 vs. 13.9/2.1 g/dL, p < 0.0001) and longer duration of diabetes (10/11 vs. 5/9 years, p < 0.0001) but had similar BMI (24.7/4.9 vs. 24.7/4.8 kg/m2, p = 0.5021). Here, GSTM1 is linked to hydrops fetalis.