Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and chemokines such as IL-8 are abundant in RA tissue, which is compensated to some degree by the increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β [7]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.