There is considerable clinicalassociation data linking polymorphisms of PPARA,PPARD, and PPARG with cardiovascular disease (coronary and carotid atherosclerosis, leftventricular hypertrophy) and cardiovascular risk factors (incidence of type 2diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipidprofiles) in populations of diverse ethnicity.There is less data on PPARpharmacogenetics, but the field is rapidly growing and of considerable interestto many investigators. The gene discussed is PPARD; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.