TNF and Pleural effusion: In contrast, no other cytokine genes from the panel were up-regulated, but a cluster of genes related to the NF-κB pathway was down-regulated, including NFΚB1, NFΚB2, TNFR1, IL1B, IL8 and TNFA. In addition, the NF-κB pathway linked expression patterns of NFΚB1, TNFR1 and TNFA correlated with adverse clinical events, such as the development of pleural effusion and hemorrhagic manifestations.