MDM2 and colorectal cancer: Recently, studies with sporadic cancers (162 Ashkenazi Jewish lymphoma patients, 969 Finnish and 164 Italian colorectal cancer patients, 105 German sarcoma patients, 341 Norwegian non-small cell lung cancer patients and 658 Ashkenazi Jewish breast cancer patients) have demonstrated that the effects of the G-allele of MDM2 SNP309 locus on tumorigenesis can be modified by two additional variables; namely gender and the primarily female-specific hormone, estrogen [15]-[19].