CDKN2A and neoplasm: Although protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) does not inform the mechanism of nonexpression (e.g., pathological inactivation by genomic deletion versus normal physiological regulation), IHC analyses of p16INK4A and p18INK4C expressions on GBM tissue microarrays containing an independent set of GBM tumor specimens confirmed that a proportion of human GBM tumors (n = 10 of 59 informative cores) expressed low to undetectable levels of both proteins (Figure S2 and Table S4).