The importance of the V2 aa160 PNGS in DC-SIGN-mediated trans-infections is also strengthened by the fact that both the intrapatient competition, where the viral backbones of chronic and end-stage R5 viruses are of similar origin, and the interpatient competition, where the viral backbones are less related since they have developed in separate hosts, revealed the same results. This evidence concerns the gene CD209 and infection.