As the expression of PPARβ does not get elevated in high-grade ovarian tumours, it can be suggested that sustained activation of the PI-3 kinase pathway either due to aberrant activation of growth factor receptors or loss of PTEN function may be required to maintain elevated expression and activation of ILK, PDK1 and the downstream Akt and Wnt pathways in advanced ovarian tumours. This evidence concerns the gene PDK1 and ovarian neoplasm.