TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), markers of inflammation, levels are elevated in subjects with obesity, insulin resistance, essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and CHD [5-10], suggesting that low-grade systemic inflammation occurs in them.