Our results are consistent with some previous findings, such as smoking-related alteration of CYP1B1[9], [10] or of the mitotic pathway in cancer survival.[29] However, earlier studies were often limited by the small sample size, or lacked information on potential confounders, or availability of paired tumor and non-tumor lung tissue samples for the distinction of gene changes involved in lung carcinogenesis from those representing a transient smoking effect. Here, CYP1B1 is linked to cancer.