Hyperglycaemia per se (in the absence of hyperinsulinaemia) in general resulted in attenuated LPS-induced gene expression when compared with the other three clamps; in particular, the expression of NFKB1 (P = 0.09), NFKBIA, IL1A and CCL3 (all P < 0.05) decreased when compared with the LinsuEgluc clamp. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and Hyperglycemia.