Investigating the metabolic functions of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been extremely rewarding over the past years.Uncovering the biologic roles of PPARγ and its mechanism of action has greatly advanced our understanding of the transcriptional control of lipid and glucose metabolism, and compounds such as thiazolidinediones which directly regulate PPARγ have proven to exhibit potent insulin-sensitizer effects in the treatment of diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.