PPARGC1A and heart failure: PPARαand PGC-1αplay a central role in this metabolic flexibility by driving robust changes ingene expression of key components of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism.However, it is still not entirely clear whether long-term PPARα-PGC-1α-mediated alterations in energy metabolism are adaptive versus maladaptive changes for both heart failure and diabetic cardiomyopathy.