Erythropoietin and Epo-R have been shown to be expressed in a number of cancers and involved in breast (Acs et al, 2002), endometrial (Acs et al, 2004), melanoma (Kumar et al, 2005), prostate (Feldman et al, 2006) and Barrett's oesophageal (Griffiths et al, 2007a) carcinogenesis. The gene discussed is EPO; the disease is melanoma.