It has been reported that β-catenin activates the transcription of cyclin D1 through TCF-binding sites within the promoter, resulting in a direct effect on cell proliferation in colon carcinoma cells (Tetsu and McCormick, 1999), whereas SOX2 associates with β-catenin in osteoblasts and inhibits the activity of a Wnt-responsive reporter plasmid in HEK293 cells (Mansukhani et al., 2005). This evidence concerns the gene CCND1 and colon carcinoma.