Since androgen- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signalling are often essential for the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (Feldman and Feldman, 2001; Heinlein and Chang, 2004), targeting the receptor and/or its signalling pathways represents a rational strategy for treating this disease (Kelloff et al, 1999; Bosland et al, 2002). The gene discussed is AR; the disease is prostate cancer.