There were no differences in monocyte endotoxin response, as measured by increased IL-6 secretion (Fig. 2A) or decreased MCP-1 secretion (Fig. 2B), when monocyte cultures from HNSCC patients with extended (TANIS = 4–7) tumour burden were compared to patients with limited (TANIS = 0–3) tumour burden. Here, CCL2 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.