The presence of cytoplasmic polyQ-expanded ataxin-1 is not limited to Cos-7 cells, as cultured neuroblastoma cells such as SH-SY5Y and N2A neuroblastoma cells (Fig 4A) as well as U343MG astrocytoma cells (data not shown) showed cytoplasmic presence and movement of ataxin-1 accumulations. Here, ATXN1 is linked to neuroblastoma.