Many of these genes listed in Table 1and 2, such as Birc5, Brca1, Ccnb2, CXCR4, Mcm2, Mcm4, Mcm7, Nap1l1, Rad51, Sf3b, S100g [10-17]have been shown to be upregulated, while Cldn18, Muc2, Muc13, and b-myc [18-21]are shown to be down regulated in human pancreatic cancer as well as other types of cancer (please see Table 1 and 2for their full names). Here, CLDN18 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.