PPARD and adenocarcinoma: In left colon samples, we did not observe any differences in expression levels between adenocarcinomas and normal mucosa for most of the inflammation-related genes examined in this study, that is, ptgs2, ptges1, ptges2, TNF-α, Il-1α, Il-6, Il-10, PPARγ, PPARδ, MMP-9 and PLA2G6. Only a slight decrease in the expression of ptgs1 and PLA2G4A was observed.