ESR1 and colon carcinoma: Although all cell types investigated had been shown to express ER-α and -β as well as the VDR (cf. Table 1), IL-6 expression in human colon carcinoma cells was only modestly, if at all, influenced by the steroid hormones 17β-E2 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 (Figure 1; Table 2).