PDGFD and renal cell carcinoma: Furthermore, in the amplified region on chromosome 11q22.3-q23, we found four adjacent over-expressed genes, including PDGFD, which encodes a secreted activator of the inflammatory response playing an important role in angiogenesis and is over-expressed in prostate carcinoma [37] and many tumor, including RCC, cell lines [38], and CASP1, which is up-regulated in pancreatic adenocarcinomas [39] and presents increased plasma levels in metastatic melanoma patients [40].