IRF3 and infection: Stimulation of the Vacuolar Response during infection of WT macrophages with hly− L. monocytogenes (lanes 7–12) did not lead to nuclear localization of IRF3, which is consistent with failure of the Vacuolar Response to induce IFNβ. NFκB, c-Jun, and ATF2, however, were localized to the nucleus during the Vacuolar Response (lanes 10 and 12).