The high proportion of RNA-positive samples, the significant association of Chlamydiaceae infections with severe inflammation, and the significant association of tear and serum responses to recombinant Chlamydiaceae Hsp60 with inflammation, scarring, and trichiasis for individuals infected with the different species, suggest the importance of all three species in disease pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene HSPD1 and chlamydiaceae infections.