C5 and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: For instance, the anti-C5 humanized antibody or eculizumab which inhibits the generation of both C5b and anaphylatoxin C5a is currently tested in clinical studies against autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, glomerulonephritis and lupus erythematosus and has recently been shown to be effective against nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria [63].