Three carcinoma cell lines, bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma-derived cells NCI-H292, non-small cell lung carcinoma cells U1810, and cervical adenocarcinoma cells HeLa, responded to TLR2 stimulation by increased proliferation, suggesting that TLR2 ligands could act as direct tumor-promoting factors. The gene discussed is TLR2; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.