There are several limitations in this study: (1) the small sample size of this study; however, the data may serve as a pilot study for future large scale prospective studies comparing Japanese-white differences in the relation between Lp-PLA2 and CAC or CAD ; (2) the observational and cross-sectional nature of the data, precluding causal inferences; and (3) the fact that American subjects were volunteers and not a randomly selected population. Here, PLA2G7 is linked to coronary artery disorder.