PARP1 and Huntington disease: Pyruvates are capable of scavenging hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the hydroxyl radical (OH&rad;−).106, 107 Administration of pyruvates was shown to protect against various types of oxidant-mediated cellular and organ injuries in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies.108, 109 These data further suggest that HD activation of PARP and the subsequent depletion of pyruvate is also a contributing factor for HD-induced oxidative stress.