Genes having a role in the IFN antiviral response and immune defense such as 2′–5′ oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), myxovirus protein A (MxA), TNFα, galectin-9, phospholipid scramblase 1 and human inhibitor of apoptosis-1 (IAP1) were shown to be upregulated upon infection [12]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is infection.