CXCL8 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: After LPS stimulation (10 μg/mL for 24 h), there was a 3-fold increase of IL-8 in COPD BES by comparison to non-COPD BES (Fig. 5D), whereas LPS-induced PGE2 and LTB4 release were similar in both COPD and non-COPD BES (Fig. 5E,F).