Based on the higher levels of TGF-β1 found in the synovial fluid of osteoarthritis patients having developed CPPD deposition [27], our findings are in favor of a pathophysiological contribution of TGF-β1-induced dysregulation of Ank and PC-1 in sporadic chondrocalcinosis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and chondrocalcinosis.