AR and neoplasm: Somatic mutation of the AR is known to drive recurrent tumor formation in a significant percentage of patients undergoing hormone therapy (Feldman and Feldman 2001; Hirawat et al. 2003; Marcelli et al. 2000; Navarro et al. 2002; Taplin et al. 2003; Veldscholte et al. 1992a), and it has been shown previously that selected AR mutants become receptive to activation by the environmental contaminant BPA.