Collectively, these data indicate that ERβ plays a significant role in regulating normal prostate homeostasis (Horvath et al. 2001; Leav et al. 2001; Weihua et al. 2001), and that loss of ERβ plays a possible role in enhancing the survival of prostate cancer cells (Kim et al. 2002; Lau et al. 2000; Neubauer et al. 2003). The gene discussed is ESR2; the disease is prostate cancer.