In these studies where, with few exceptions [63], the children were collectively considered nonprotected and the adults protected, the increase in antibody levels with increasing age and increased protection led to the report of an association between protection to malaria and antibody to antigens including MSP1–19 [64], MSP1 Block2 [65], SERP [57], and GLURP [56]. This evidence concerns the gene ATAD1 and malaria.