These 9 biomarkers that were independently predictive of CM mortality can be grouped into four major categories such as cytokines (IL-8), cytokine receptors (IL-1ra, sTNF-R1, and sTNF-R2), chemokines (MIP-1β and IP-10), apoptotic (sFas and Fas-L), and angiogenic factors (PDGFbb). Here, CCL4 is linked to cutaneous mastocytosis.