48 h infection of Ad-PGC-1α markedly increased PGC-1α mRNA (over 5-fold, p<0.001 versus control, Fig. 2A) and protein (over 2-fold, p<0.01/0.001 versus control, Fig. 2B) levels in both quiescent and OA-stimulated VSMCs. Here, PPARGC1A is linked to infection.