EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors gefitinib (Iressa, AstraZeneca) and erlotinib (Tarceva, Genentech) as well as the monoclonal antibody cetuximab (Erbitux, Merck), which blocks ligand binding, cause substantial regression of a small proportion of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), particularly those with EGFR mutations that give rise to hyperactive kinases [1,4–6].