HOXA1 and adenocarcinoma: In a different study, analysis of a stage I adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung carcinoma showed DNA methylation of the HOX clusters, and examination of the HOXA and D clusters in more detail in squamous cell cancers and control tissue indicated a DNA methylation frequency of 45–80% for HOXA7-9, but methylation of HOXA1 was limited [27].