The mean level of MCP-1 was significantly lower in African Americans than in whites, and this difference persisted after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, SBP, diabetes, HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, physical activity index (met-min/week), hours of television watched/day, smoking status (current, former, never), pack-years of smoking, current alcohol consumption, and hormone replacement therapy (p < 0.01). Here, CCL2 is linked to diabetes mellitus.