TNF and coronary artery disorder: For example, the expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 can be up-regulated by interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, activated platelets, angiotensin II, shear stress, oxidized LDL, and other oxidant species [4,5,7,28,29], all of which have been linked to risk factors for CHD.