TGFA and pancreatic neoplasm: Human pancreatic cancer cells are reported to produce multiple growth factors like insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and its receptors (IGF-1R and IGF-2 receptor), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (Westphal and Kalthoff, 2003).