GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): In this cohort, anemia showed a graded, independent relationship to mortality in CHF patients, the risk of death rising from 16% for 12.0–12.9 g/dL to 248% for <9.0 g/d, which compared to a reference group with Hb 13.0 g/dL to 13.9 g/dL represents adjusted hazard ratios of 1.16 and 3.48, respectively.