ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We also evaluated 4 well-replicated genes in the obesity field (ADIPOQ [14], ESR1 [15], LEP [16], and PPARG [17]), as well as the recently identified INSIG2 gene [18]; Table 4a displays the associated validated SNPs from the literature that are either present in the Affymetrix 100K or that are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these SNPs.