Accordingly, it has been reported that several other MMPs and TIMPs may be overexpressed and/or related to clinical outcome in breast cancer, such as MMP-11 (Duffy et al, 2000) MT1-MMP (MMP-14) (Jones et al, 1999; Mimori et al, 2001) MMP-13 (Nielsen et al, 2001), TIMP-1 (Ree et al, 1997; McCarthy et al, 1999; Nakopoulou et al, 2002a; Schrohl et al, 2003, 2004) or TIMP-2 (Visscher et al, 1994; Ree et al, 1997; Remacle et al, 2000). The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is breast carcinoma.