Prior studies have shown increases, decreases, or no change in breast cancer risk associated with the L10P polymorphism of TGFB1. Recently, the Breast Cancer Association Consortium pooled data from case-control studies examining this polymorphism, including 5,587 breast cancer cases and 6,863 controls, and found a very moderate per-allele increase in breast cancer risk associated with this polymorphism (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 – 1.14) [40]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and breast carcinoma.