In recent years, lymphatic endothelial cell-specific proteins have been identified, including VEGF receptor-3, lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), podoplanin, prox-1, D6 and D2-40.14,15 We have also examined lymphatic distribution in various human tissues using polyclonal LYVE-1 rabbit antibody and D2-40 antibody.14,16 In the heart, a recent study has reported lymphatic morphology and density in transplanted cardiac tissues by immunohistochemistry using anti-flt-4 (VEGF receptor-3) antibody,17 but did not include lymphangiogenesis in MI lesions. This evidence concerns the gene PDPN and myocardial infarction.