In vitro infection of human monocytes/macrophages with authentic EBOV or virus-like particles that include membrane-associated GP1,2 leads to increases in protein levels of IL-1β [30-32], IL-6 [30-32], IL-8 [31,32], MIP-1α [30,33], MIP-1β [33], and MCP-1 [30]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.