They included several genes such as NR2F1, PNN, Smad4, Smad5, STAT5B, JUN, TGIF2, and ATF1 that were over-expressed while RUNX3, STAT1, STAT6, EGR3, GAS7, Smad1, and EDF1 were underexpressed in leiomyomas as compared to keloid/incisional scars. This evidence concerns the gene ATF1 and leiomyoma.