By setting the mean expression value of each gene independently as 1 in leiomyomas compared with their mean expression in keloids/incisional scars (scar) and adhesions, the results indicated that the expression of E2F1, TBPIP and ESM1 was elevated in leiomyoma as compared to keloids/incisional scars and adhesions (Fig. 3, P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene PSMC3IP and leiomyoma.